William Shakespeare (also spelled Shakspere, Shaksper and Shake-speare, because the spelling in Elizabethan times was neither fixed nor absolute [3]) was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564. It was the third of eight children born to John Shakespeare, a prosperous merchant who was achieving a leading position in the municipality, and Mary Arden, who was descended from an old family.
Born when her family lived on Henley Street in Stratford, not knowing the exact day, because only then did the act of baptism, on 26 April in this case, so presumably born a few days before and no more than a week, according to the current era, the tradition has been setting a date of his birth on April 23, the feast of St. George, perhaps by analogy with the day he died, another 23 April, 1616 but this dating is not supported by any documents.
Shakespeare's father, who was at the height of its prosperity when William was born, fell from grace soon after. Accused of illegal trade in wool, lost his position in the government of the municipality. It has been suggested that perhaps also was involved in processing a possible affinity with the Catholic faith on both sides of the family [4].
William Shakespeare probably extended his early studies at the local primary school, the Stratford Grammar School, in the center of his hometown, which I should have made an intensive education in Latin grammar and literature. Although the quality of the grammar schools in the Elizabethan period was very irregular, there are indications in the sense that Stratford was pretty good. Shakespeare's assistance to this school is mere conjecture, based on the fact that he was legally entitled to free education as the son of a senior local government. However, there is no document stating that, since parish records were lost. At that time was led by John Cotton, teacher of broad humanistic education and supposedly Catholic, a grammar school (equivalent to a study of Spanish grammar XVI or current school) taught lessons from eight to fifteen years and focused education in learning Latin, at higher levels the use of English was forbidden to promote fluency in the Latin language; prevailed study of the work of Aesop translated into Latin of Ovid and Virgil, authors such as Shakespeare knew. London and its passage through the theater On 28 November 1582, when he was 18 years of age, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, 26, originally from Temple Grafton, a town near Stratford. Two neighbors of Anne, Fulk Sandalls and John Richardson, testified that there were no impediments to the marriage By 1592 Shakespeare was already in London working as a playwright, and was sufficiently known to merit a disdainful description of Robert Greene, who portrays him as "an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his tiger's heart wrapped in fur of comic thinks he can impress with a blank verse as the best of you "[5] and says that" it is the only shake-scene in the country "(in the original, Greene uses the word Shake-scene, referring both to the reputation of the author and his family name, a set of terms known as paronomasia). Last years New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon, built on the site of Shakespeare's house.Shakespeare retired to his hometown in 1611, but was involved in various lawsuits, such as a dispute regarding the fencing of communal land which, if on one hand promote the availability of pasture for sheep farming, the other condemned the poor take away their only source of livelihood. As the writer had some financial interest in such property, to the chagrin of some took a neutral position only secured their own benefit. In March of 1613 made its last acquisition, not its people, but in London, buying a house for 140 pounds with poultry near Blackfriars theater, of which sum paid on the spot only sixty pounds for next day mortgaged the house for the rest to the seller. Certainly Shakespeare did not purchase your name alone, but associated the William Johnson, John Jackson and John Hemynge, the latter one of the actors who promoted the First Folio edition. The legal effect of this procedure, writes the great biographer of Shakespeare Sidney Lee, "was to deprive his wife if she survived, the right to collect on this property the widow's dowry" but a few months after a disaster happened : the Globe Theater burned down, and with him all the playwright's manuscript, along with his play Cardenio, inspired by an episode of Don Quixote de La Mancha is known about this work because the September 9, 1653 the editor Humphrey Maseley obtained a license for the publication of a work described as History of Cardenio, by Fletcher and Shakespeare, the said Sidney Lee says no drama in this title has come down to us and probably have to identify with the loss or Cardenno comedy called Cardenna , which was performed twice before the Court by Shakespeare's company, the first in February 1613 during the celebrations for the marriage of Princess Elizabeth and the second on 8 June, before the ambassador of the Duke of Savoythat is, fire a few days before the Globe theater. In the final weeks of the life of Shakespeare, the man who would marry his daughter Judith - a tavern keeper named Thomas Quiney - was charged with promiscuity local ecclesiastical tribunal. A woman named Margaret Wheeler had given birth to a child, and said Quiney was the father. The woman and her son died shortly after.This affected, however, the reputation of the writer's future son, and Shakespeare revised his will to safeguard the heritage of their daughter's legal problems could have Quiney.
Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. He was married to Anne until his death and was survived by two daughters, Susannah and Judith. The first married Dr. John Hall. However, neither the children nor Judith Susannah had descendants, so that there is currently no living descendant of the writer. It was rumored, however, that Shakespeare was the true father of his godson, William Davenant.
GoodMonumento funerario de Shakespeare, en la Holy Trinity Church de Stratford. Good friend, for Jesus, abstain to dig the dust enclosed here.
Blessed is the man that spares these stones,
and cursed be he that moves my bones. [7]
One legend claims that unpublished works of Shakespeare with him lying in his grave. Nobody has dared to check the veracity of the legend, perhaps for fear of the curse of that epitaph. Shakespeare on the female figure in his sonnets and, consequently, of the ingenuity of man who gets caught in their nets.The themes of promiscuity, the carnal and the falsity of the woman humorously described and criticized by the playwright is sufficient evidence to proceed on the basis that they would have some fondness for men and a repudiation of the coquetry of the women In any case, always mentioned in reference to its shallowness and materialistic interests.
See part of the following excerpt from his Sonnet 144:
Two loves have I of joy and despair as two spirits which I still suggest that
The better angel is a white man and law, and the worst spectrum, a sickly black woman.
To earn soon to hell, my female evil
took the better angel from my side
corrumpiría to my holy and to be a demon, ruining his purity with her foul pride (...)
It can be seen clearly Shakespearean harsh criticism towards the role of a woman who, at first glance, seems to come between the romance of the playwright and his patron. Those who reject this assumption, they do objecting that the sonnet's poetic voice does not necessarily coincide with the author's personality.
The truth is that Shakespeare parody their perspective, as we see in the quote:
My lady's eyes are nothing like the sun,
the coral is far more red than her lips red;
if snow is white, why then her breasts are dark?
If the hair were wire, black wires grow on her head (...)
Background: the Elizabethan theater Inside the modern reconstruction of the Globe Theater (the original was destroyed by fire in 1613). When Shakespeare began in the theatrical activity, it was undergoing the changes typical of a period of transition. Originally, the theater in England was a popular type of show, other entertainment associated with widespread at the time as bear baiting (a chained bear fight against mad dogs). Its roots lie in the late medieval stage in a triple dramatic tradition: the "miracles" or "mysteries" (mystery plays), with religious subjects and intended to solemnize the feasts of the various guilds, the "moral works" (morality plays ) are allegorical and performed by professional actors and: and "interludes" courtiers parts for the entertainment of the nobility.
The most prominent nobles sponsored stakeholder groups that bore their names. Thus arose, in Elizabethan times, companies like The Hundson Men (later Lord Chamberlain's Men), The Admiral's Men, and The Queen's Men, the most relevant. At times, these troupes performed their performances in the palace of aristocratic protectors. The King's Men, for example, after the company's sponsorship by King James I, acting in court once a month. [21] Having the backing of a patron was crucial for the success of the work in the future .
The works were performed at first in the inner courtyards of inns. Even in Shakespeare's time some of these places continue to welcome theater. However, there were very suitable for performances, because sometimes the activity of the inn came to hinder the performance. Also had the opposition of the authorities, concerned about the disturbances and quarrels that originated there, as well as the "evil practice of incontinence" that took place there.He was also against the hygiene factor: the plague was very frequent mass meetings and encouraged not just health.
For those reasons was gradually emerging legislation regulating theatrical activity, and became more difficult to get licenses to make representations at the inns. This led to the construction of permanent theaters, more healthy, on the outskirts of the city, and the consolidation and professionalization of the career of actor. The first stage, called simply The Theater, built in 1576. Later others were built: The Curtain, The Rose, The Swan and The Globe. The latter, built in 1599 and located, like the rest, out of town to avoid problems with the City of London, was the most famous of all, and was preferred by the company that was part of William Shakespeare.
Tragedies TragediasMuchos have excelled in these works to the Aristotelian concept of tragedy: the hero must be an admirable but flawed character, with an audience able to understand and sympathize with him. Certainly, each of Shakespeare's tragic characters is capable of exercising good and evil. The representation always insists on the concept of free will, the (anti) hero can break down or back and redeem himself from his actions. The author, however, the end leading to their inevitable doom. Listed below are full of Shakespeare's tragedies, arranged by approximate date of its composition: Titus Andronicus (1592) Romeo and Juliet (1595) Julius Caesar (1599) Hamlet (1601) Troilus and Cressida (1602) Othello (1603-1604) King Lear (1605-1606) Macbeth (1606) Antony and Cleopatra (1606) Coriolanus (1608)
Timon of Athens (date unknown
Comedy As noted above, the Fool was a very popular figure at the court of the time-element is unwavering on which the playwright feels freer to speak his mind, taking into account the views of aperson with these characteristics were never considered valid "excuse to dwell.
The estimated date of composition of Shakespeare's comedies has to revolve around the years 1590 and 1611, as a starting point and culmination of his work as a writer. The first and least developed was The Two Gentlemen of Verona, followed by The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, The Winter's Tale, The Tempest, and as many as listed below:
A good beginning Ends Well As You Like It The dream of a summer night Much Ado About Nothing Measure for Measure The Taming of the Shrew Twelfth Night The Merchant of Venice The Merry Wives of Windsor Love's Labors Lost (also translated as Labor's Lost) The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Comedy of Errors
It is important to make clear that The Tempest, The Winter's Tale (1609), Cymbeline (1610) and Pericles (1607) are considered by many poetic fantasies (in English uses the term romance), since they possess characteristics that differ from the rest of comedies.
Shakespeare through time
SHAKESPARE epitaph and tomb at Holy Trinity Church. Every historical epoch has prevailed certain works to the concerns and interests prevailed. The concept of "poetic justice" that prevailed in the eighteenth century led to the rejection of many of Shakespeare's tragedies, since according to its criteria the theater should promote examples of virtue. The English critic Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) did not accept the outcome of King Lear, which he considered cruel and unnecessary, and the 1681 version of Nahum Tate replaced Shakespeare's to mid-nineteenth century, with its astounding success to the public reader: it is a happy ending in which Lear and Cordelia get triumph over obstacles, and the protagonist marries Edgar, the legitimate heir of the Earl of Gloucester.
By 1772, the famous actor Garrick changed much of Hamlet by removing the scene of the gravediggers and Laertes exempt from any blame concerning the poison he carried in his sword.Moreover, Queen Gertrude manages to survive for a life of repentance, which is not in the original. In 1807 Thomas Bowdler Family Shakespeare published an amended version to make it, in their opinion, best suited for women and children, who could not "offend the religious and virtuous mind. This adjustment led to the English word bowdlerize, designating the puritanical censorship. Thus, adaptation, and interpretation of the play Shakespeare retaliation was long the product of a moral interests, political and aesthetic concrete, and cheated the grim view of life that offers genuine Shakespeare.
The film of Laurence Olivier, Henry V, filmed in honor of the combatants of the Second World War, was that certain passages were highlighted to encourage British patriotism, the most significant was the monarch's speech to his troops before the Battle of Agincourt against French troops. The same is true on countless theatrical and cinematic adaptations to these same dates.
William Shakespeare (also spelled Shakspere, Shaksper and Shake-speare, because the spelling in Elizabethan times was neither fixed nor absolute [3]) was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564. It was the third of eight children born to John Shakespeare, a prosperous merchant who was achieving a leading position in the municipality, and Mary Arden, who was descended from an old family.
Born when her family lived on Henley Street in Stratford, not knowing the exact day, because only then did the act of baptism, on 26 April in this case, so presumably born a few days before and no more than a week, according to the current era, the tradition has been setting a date of his birth on April 23, the feast of St. George, perhaps by analogy with the day he died, another 23 April, 1616 but this dating is not supported by any documents.
Shakespeare's father, who was at the height of its prosperity when William was born, fell from grace soon after. Accused of illegal trade in wool, lost his position in the government of the municipality. It has been suggested that perhaps also was involved in processing a possible affinity with the Catholic faith on both sides of the family [4].
William Shakespeare probably extended his early studies at the local primary school, the Stratford Grammar School, in the center of his hometown, which I should have made an intensive education in Latin grammar and literature. Although the quality of the grammar schools in the Elizabethan period was very irregular, there are indications in the sense that Stratford was pretty good. Shakespeare's assistance to this school is mere conjecture, based on the fact that he was legally entitled to free education as the son of a senior local government. However, there is no document stating that, since parish records were lost. At that time was led by John Cotton, teacher of broad humanistic education and supposedly Catholic, a grammar school (equivalent to a study of Spanish grammar XVI or current school) taught lessons from eight to fifteen years and focused education in learning Latin, at higher levels the use of English was forbidden to promote fluency in the Latin language; prevailed study of the work of Aesop translated into Latin of Ovid and Virgil, authors such as Shakespeare knew.
London and its passage through the theater
On 28 November 1582, when he was 18 years of age, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, 26, originally from Temple Grafton, a town near Stratford. Two neighbors of Anne, Fulk Sandalls and John Richardson, testified that there were no impediments to the marriage
By 1592 Shakespeare was already in London working as a playwright, and was sufficiently known to merit a disdainful description of Robert Greene, who portrays him as "an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his tiger's heart wrapped in fur of comic thinks he can impress with a blank verse as the best of you "[5] and says that" it is the only shake-scene in the country "(in the original, Greene uses the word Shake-scene, referring both to the reputation of the author and his family name, a set of terms known as paronomasia).
Last years
New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon, built on the site of Shakespeare's house. Shakespeare retired to his hometown in 1611, but was involved in various lawsuits, such as a dispute regarding the fencing of communal land which, if on one hand promote the availability of pasture for sheep farming, the other condemned the poor take away their only source of livelihood. As the writer had some financial interest in such property, to the chagrin of some took a neutral position only secured their own benefit. In March of 1613 made its last acquisition, not its people, but in London, buying a house for 140 pounds with poultry near Blackfriars theater, of which sum paid on the spot only sixty pounds for next day mortgaged the house for the rest to the seller. Certainly Shakespeare did not purchase your name alone, but associated the William Johnson, John Jackson and John Hemynge, the latter one of the actors who promoted the First Folio edition. The legal effect of this procedure, writes the great biographer of Shakespeare Sidney Lee, "was to deprive his wife if she survived, the right to collect on this property the widow's dowry" but a few months after a disaster happened : the Globe Theater burned down, and with him all the playwright's manuscript, along with his play Cardenio, inspired by an episode of Don Quixote de La Mancha is known about this work because the September 9, 1653 the editor Humphrey Maseley obtained a license for the publication of a work described as History of Cardenio, by Fletcher and Shakespeare, the said Sidney Lee says no drama in this title has come down to us and probably have to identify with the loss or Cardenno comedy called Cardenna , which was performed twice before the Court by Shakespeare's company, the first in February 1613 during the celebrations for the marriage of Princess Elizabeth and the second on 8 June, before the ambassador of the Duke of Savoy that is, fire a few days before the Globe theater.
In the final weeks of the life of Shakespeare, the man who would marry his daughter Judith - a tavern keeper named Thomas Quiney - was charged with promiscuity local ecclesiastical tribunal. A woman named Margaret Wheeler had given birth to a child, and said Quiney was the father. The woman and her son died shortly after. This affected, however, the reputation of the writer's future son, and Shakespeare revised his will to safeguard the heritage of their daughter's legal problems could have Quiney.
Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. He was married to Anne until his death and was survived by two daughters, Susannah and Judith. The first married Dr. John Hall. However, neither the children nor Judith Susannah had descendants, so that there is currently no living descendant of the writer. It was rumored, however, that Shakespeare was the true father of his godson, William Davenant.
Good
Good friend, for Jesus, abstain
to dig the dust enclosed here.
Blessed is the man that spares these stones,
and cursed be he that moves my bones. [7]
One legend claims that unpublished works of Shakespeare with him lying in his grave. Nobody has dared to check the veracity of the legend, perhaps for fear of the curse of that epitaph.
Shakespeare on the female figure in his sonnets and, consequently, of the ingenuity of man who gets caught in their nets. The themes of promiscuity, the carnal and the falsity of the woman humorously described and criticized by the playwright is sufficient evidence to proceed on the basis that they would have some fondness for men and a repudiation of the coquetry of the women In any case, always mentioned in reference to its shallowness and materialistic interests.
See part of the following excerpt from his Sonnet 144:
Two loves have I of joy and despair
as two spirits which I still suggest that
The better angel is a white man and law, and
the worst spectrum, a sickly black woman.
To earn soon to hell, my female evil
took the better angel from my side
corrumpiría to my holy and to be a demon,
ruining his purity with her foul pride (...)
It can be seen clearly Shakespearean harsh criticism towards the role of a woman who, at first glance, seems to come between the romance of the playwright and his patron. Those who reject this assumption, they do objecting that the sonnet's poetic voice does not necessarily coincide with the author's personality.
The truth is that Shakespeare parody their perspective, as we see in the quote:
My lady's eyes are nothing like the sun,
the coral is far more red than her lips red;
if snow is white, why then her breasts are dark?
If the hair were wire, black wires grow on her head (...)
Background: the Elizabethan theater
Inside the modern reconstruction of the Globe Theater (the original was destroyed by fire in 1613). When Shakespeare began in the theatrical activity, it was undergoing the changes typical of a period of transition. Originally, the theater in England was a popular type of show, other entertainment associated with widespread at the time as bear baiting (a chained bear fight against mad dogs). Its roots lie in the late medieval stage in a triple dramatic tradition: the "miracles" or "mysteries" (mystery plays), with religious subjects and intended to solemnize the feasts of the various guilds, the "moral works" (morality plays ) are allegorical and performed by professional actors and: and "interludes" courtiers parts for the entertainment of the nobility.
The most prominent nobles sponsored stakeholder groups that bore their names. Thus arose, in Elizabethan times, companies like The Hundson Men (later Lord Chamberlain's Men), The Admiral's Men, and The Queen's Men, the most relevant. At times, these troupes performed their performances in the palace of aristocratic protectors. The King's Men, for example, after the company's sponsorship by King James I, acting in court once a month. [21] Having the backing of a patron was crucial for the success of the work in the future .
The works were performed at first in the inner courtyards of inns. Even in Shakespeare's time some of these places continue to welcome theater. However, there were very suitable for performances, because sometimes the activity of the inn came to hinder the performance. Also had the opposition of the authorities, concerned about the disturbances and quarrels that originated there, as well as the "evil practice of incontinence" that took place there. He was also against the hygiene factor: the plague was very frequent mass meetings and encouraged not just health.
For those reasons was gradually emerging legislation regulating theatrical activity, and became more difficult to get licenses to make representations at the inns. This led to the construction of permanent theaters, more healthy, on the outskirts of the city, and the consolidation and professionalization of the career of actor. The first stage, called simply The Theater, built in 1576. Later others were built: The Curtain, The Rose, The Swan and The Globe. The latter, built in 1599 and located, like the rest, out of town to avoid problems with the City of London, was the most famous of all, and was preferred by the company that was part of William Shakespeare.
Tragedies
TragediasMuchos have excelled in these works to the Aristotelian concept of tragedy: the hero must be an admirable but flawed character, with an audience able to understand and sympathize with him. Certainly, each of Shakespeare's tragic characters is capable of exercising good and evil. The representation always insists on the concept of free will, the (anti) hero can break down or back and redeem himself from his actions. The author, however, the end leading to their inevitable doom.
Listed below are full of Shakespeare's tragedies, arranged by approximate date of its composition:
Titus Andronicus (1592)
Romeo and Juliet (1595)
Julius Caesar (1599)
Hamlet (1601)
Troilus and Cressida (1602)
Othello (1603-1604)
King Lear (1605-1606)
Macbeth (1606)
Antony and Cleopatra (1606)
Coriolanus (1608)
Timon of Athens (date unknown
Comedy
As noted above, the Fool was a very popular figure at the court of the time-element is unwavering on which the playwright feels freer to speak his mind, taking into account the views of a person with these characteristics were never considered valid "excuse to dwell.
The estimated date of composition of Shakespeare's comedies has to revolve around the years 1590 and 1611, as a starting point and culmination of his work as a writer. The first and least developed was The Two Gentlemen of Verona, followed by The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, The Winter's Tale, The Tempest, and as many as listed below:
A good beginning Ends Well
As You Like It
The dream of a summer night
Much Ado About Nothing
Measure for Measure
The Taming of the Shrew
Twelfth Night
The Merchant of Venice
The Merry Wives of Windsor
Love's Labors Lost (also translated as Labor's Lost)
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
The Comedy of Errors
It is important to make clear that The Tempest, The Winter's Tale (1609), Cymbeline (1610) and Pericles (1607) are considered by many poetic fantasies (in English uses the term romance), since they possess characteristics that differ from the rest of comedies.
Shakespeare through time
SHAKESPARE epitaph and tomb at Holy Trinity Church.
Every historical epoch has prevailed certain works to the concerns and interests prevailed. The concept of "poetic justice" that prevailed in the eighteenth century led to the rejection of many of Shakespeare's tragedies, since according to its criteria the theater should promote examples of virtue. The English critic Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) did not accept the outcome of King Lear, which he considered cruel and unnecessary, and the 1681 version of Nahum Tate replaced Shakespeare's to mid-nineteenth century, with its astounding success to the public reader: it is a happy ending in which Lear and Cordelia get triumph over obstacles, and the protagonist marries Edgar, the legitimate heir of the Earl of Gloucester.
By 1772, the famous actor Garrick changed much of Hamlet by removing the scene of the gravediggers and Laertes exempt from any blame concerning the poison he carried in his sword. Moreover, Queen Gertrude manages to survive for a life of repentance, which is not in the original.
In 1807 Thomas Bowdler Family Shakespeare published an amended version to make it, in their opinion, best suited for women and children, who could not "offend the religious and virtuous mind. This adjustment led to the English word bowdlerize, designating the puritanical censorship.
Thus, adaptation, and interpretation of the play Shakespeare retaliation was long the product of a moral interests, political and aesthetic concrete, and cheated the grim view of life that offers genuine Shakespeare.
The film of Laurence Olivier, Henry V, filmed in honor of the combatants of the Second World War, was that certain passages were highlighted to encourage British patriotism, the most significant was the monarch's speech to his troops before the Battle of Agincourt against French troops. The same is true on countless theatrical and cinematic adaptations to these same dates.